No Patient Left Behind: Understanding Esophageal Cancer

This April, during ACCE's No Patient Left Behind Month, we remind everyone that no patient should be overlooked and no symptoms should be dismissed.

Esophageal cancer can be hard to notice at first and is sometimes diagnosed late, but it can be very serious. It starts in the esophagus, the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach, when abnormal cells grow and form a tumour that can spread. Because the esophagus is narrow, even small tumours can affect swallowing. Early signs like heartburn, trouble swallowing, or small unexplained weight loss often feel normal, which makes spotting cancer early challenging.

A Quiet Start

Esophageal cancer is rare but can be very dangerous if found late. Early signs are often small, like heartburn that does not go away, food feeling stuck when swallowing, or losing weight without trying. In Canada, about 2,800 people were expected to be diagnosed in 2025, with nearly 2,500 deaths. Catching these signs early can mean more time with loved ones and a stronger fight against the disease.

3 Types of Esophageal Cancer

Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of esophageal cancer. It usually happens in the lower part of the esophagus. People with long-term acid reflux or Barrett's esophagus are more likely to get it.

Squamous cell carcinoma

The second most common type is squamous cell carcinoma. It usually happens in the upper or middle part of the esophagus. Smoking and drinking a lot of alcohol can increase the risk.

Small cell carcinoma

The third and a rare type that grows quickly is small cell carcinoma. It starts in special cells called neuroendocrine cells, which release hormones in response to signals from the nerves.

Signs You Should Not Ignore

Esophageal cancer can show some early signs and noticing changes in your body can be life-saving. Watch for warning signs such as:

• Food feeling stuck when you swallow
• Persistent heartburn or indigestion
• Unexplained weight loss
• Chest discomfort or pressure
• A cough or hoarseness that stays

Even if these symptoms feel small, it is important to see a doctor. Checking them early can give you more treatment options and better results.

Who is at Higher Risk?

Certain factors can increase the risk of getting esophageal cancer. These include:

• Chronic acid reflux or GERD
• Smoking or heavy alcohol use
• Obesity or poor diet
• Age over 50
• Family history of gastrointestinal cancers

Having these risk factors does not mean you will get cancer, but it shows why paying attention to your body and having regular check-ups is important.

Taking Action During No Patient Left Behind Month

Esophageal cancer can be hard to notice, and not everyone has the same access to healthcare or information. Some people wait to see a doctor because their symptoms feel manageable, or they are unsure what is serious. No Patient Left Behind Month reminds us that everyone deserves to be heard and supported. Noticing small changes, asking questions, and seeking care early are simple steps that can make a real difference.

You can help by learning more on our social media, sharing this blog with friends and family, or supporting ACCE's No Patient Left Behind initiative — because every action helps ensure no patient is left behind.

Sources

• What is esophageal cancer? | Canadian Cancer Society
• Esophageal cancer statistics | Canadian Cancer Society
• Types of Esophageal Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
• Foods to Avoid with Acid Reflux and GERD | Healthline
• GERD Diet: Foods That Help with Acid Reflux | Johns Hopkins Medicine
• Symptoms of esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society
• Diagnosis of esophageal cancer | Canadian Cancer Society